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Where are the diverse functions of polyester fibers reflected
source：www.artisanleather.com.cn | Release time：2025-09-091、 Basic function: meets the core characteristics for daily use
This is the "base color" of polyester fiber as a universal fiber, and also the basis for its wide application, mainly relying on its structural characteristics of tight molecular chains and high crystallinity:
1. High strength and wear resistance
The breaking strength of polyester fibers is 2-3 times that of cotton and 3-4 times that of wool, and the strength remains almost unchanged in dry and wet conditions (cotton's wet strength decreases by about 50%). At the same time, its surface is smooth, the fiber toughness is good, and its friction resistance far exceeds that of natural fibers - such as polyester fiber jackets and backpacks worn in daily life, which are not prone to pilling or damage after long-term use; Industrial polyester conveyor belts and filter cloths can also withstand high-frequency friction and heavy object compression.
2. Anti wrinkle and easy to maintain
Molecular chains are not easily deformed, and fabrics can quickly restore their flatness without ironing after washing. They are especially suitable for making "maintenance free" clothing such as shirts, school uniforms, and suit jackets, and also reduce the care costs of home textiles such as bed sheets and curtains.
3. Good dimensional stability
When washing or drying at high temperatures, the fiber shrinkage rate is relatively low (usually<3%), much lower than that of cotton (shrinkage rate of about 8-10%), avoiding the problem of "shrinkage becoming smaller" after washing clothes. It is suitable for products that need to maintain their shape for a long time (such as workwear and tent fabrics).
2、 Scenario based functionality: Adapt to different domain requirements
By adjusting the spinning process (such as changing the fiber cross-section, twisting method) or post-processing techniques, polyester fibers can be reinforced with specific functions to meet the needs of specific scenarios
1. Moisture absorption and quick drying: a core requirement in the sports field
Using "irregular cross-section spinning" (such as cross shaped and Y-shaped), more grooves are formed on the fiber surface, which can quickly guide sweat away from the skin surface and evaporate, keeping the body surface dry. This type of polyester fiber is the core material for sportswear, outdoor jackets, and quick drying T-shirts, with performance far exceeding traditional pure cotton (pure cotton is prone to sticking and drying slowly after absorbing sweat).
2. Warmth: Replace natural insulation fibers
Processed into "hollow polyester fibers" (with 1-4 cavities inside the fibers), the cavities can lock in air, reduce heat loss, provide insulation performance similar to down, and are not easy to clump and clean. Commonly found in thermal underwear, down jacket fillers, and sleeping bags, it offers better cost-effectiveness than natural down.
3. Breathability and Lightness: The Demand for Lightweight Clothing
Through "ultra-fine spinning" (single filament fineness<0.5dtex, more than 10 times finer than hair), the pores of the fabric woven from fibers are finer and more uniform, ensuring breathability and no stuffiness, while also achieving lightness and thinness (such as summer sun protection clothes and ultra-thin shirts), with a weight only half of pure cotton fabrics of the same thickness.
4. UV resistance: outdoor protection requirements
Adding "anti UV additives" (such as titanium dioxide and UV absorbers) during spinning, or forming a protective film on the fiber surface through post-treatment, can block more than 90% of UVA and UVB rays (UV protection factor UPF>50+), suitable for making outdoor sun protection clothing, umbrellas, and canopy fabrics, replacing traditional sun protection materials that require coating.
3、 Special Modification Function: Expansion and Industrial Scenarios
Through chemical modification or composite spinning technology, polyester fibers can obtain special functions that natural fibers do not possess, entering the manufacturing and industrial fields:
1. Antibacterial and Anti mold: Medical and Home Hygiene Needs
Mixing "antibacterial agents" (such as silver ions and zinc oxide nanoparticles) into the spinning process can prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the antibacterial effect is long-lasting (maintaining an antibacterial rate of over 90% after 50 washes). Commonly used for the surface of medical protective clothing, surgical gowns, baby diapers, antibacterial towels, etc.
2. Flame retardancy: industrial and safety protection requirements
Adding "flame retardants" (such as phosphorus based and halogen based additives) or using the "flame retardant copolymerization" process, so that polyester fibers do not burn at high temperatures, only carbonize, and have no dripping of open flames (to avoid secondary burns). Mainly used in scenarios where fire protection is mandatory, such as firefighting suits, coal mining equipment, aircraft/high-speed rail seat fabrics, cable wrapping layers, etc.
3. Anti static: Requirements for Electronics and Precision Manufacturing
During spinning, "conductive fibers" (such as carbon fibers and metal wires) are mixed in or coated with anti-static coatings to reduce the accumulation of static electricity caused by friction on the fibers and avoid adsorbing dust or triggering electrostatic sparks. Suitable for dust-free clothing in electronic factories, precision instrument packaging cloth, and oilfield work clothes (to prevent static electricity from igniting oil and gas).
4. Environmentally friendly and biodegradable: responding to sustainable needs
Developing "biodegradable polyester fibers" (such as PLA polyester made from corn and sugarcane, or adding biodegradable components to traditional polyester), these fibers can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms in the natural environment, avoiding the environmental problems of traditional polyester fibers (which are non degradable and prone to "white pollution"). Currently, they have been used in disposable underwear, shopping bags, agricultural cover films and other fields.
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