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Briefly introduce the biodegradability of polylactic acid fibers
source：www.artisanleather.com.cn | Release time：2025-09-291. Core principle of degradation: Molecular structure is easily decomposed
Polylactic acid fibers are polymerized from lactic acid monomers, and the main chain of the molecule contains a large number of ester bonds (- COO -) that are easily broken by microbial enzymes. In suitable environments, microorganisms (such as bacteria and fungi) in soil, water, or compost will secrete esterases, gradually breaking these ester bonds and decomposing long-chain polylactic acid molecules into short chain oligomers, further decomposing into lactic acid monomers.
2. Key conditions for degradation: require specific environmental triggering
The degradation of polylactic acid fibers cannot occur in any environment and requires three core conditions to be met:
Microbial presence: There must be microorganisms that can secrete specific esterases, commonly found in fertile soil, composting sites, or activated sludge.
Suitable temperature and humidity: The temperature should be above 50 ℃ (usually 55-65 ℃ in composting environments), and the humidity should be maintained at a high level (usually>60%) to promote microbial activity and accelerate ester bond cleavage.
Adequate oxygen: Under aerobic conditions, the degradation efficiency is higher, and the products are carbon dioxide and water; Although it can degrade in anaerobic environments, it may produce small amounts of methane and have a longer degradation cycle.
3. Degradation products: environmentally friendly and residue free
After complete degradation of polylactic acid fibers, the products are carbon dioxide and water. These two substances can be reabsorbed and utilized by plants through photosynthesis, entering the natural cycle. They will not remain in the environment for hundreds or even thousands of years like traditional synthetic fibers such as polyester and nylon, nor will they produce pollutants such as microplastics. They have no negative impact on soil and aquatic ecosystems.
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