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How to highlight the functionality of composite spun fibers
source：www.artisanleather.com.cn | Release time：2025-08-261. Complementary raw materials: Integrating the core advantages of different fibers to achieve the functional superposition of "1+1>2"
One of the core logics of composite spinning is to avoid the defects of a single fiber and amplify their respective functional advantages through the precise combination of two-component/multi-component raw materials. Common combinations and functional effects are as follows:
The combination of "moisture absorption and quick drying+warmth retention": such as "polyester (core layer)+nylon (skin layer)" composite spun fiber, the polyester core layer has good moisture wicking and sweat wicking properties (quickly wicking sweat out of the body surface), while the nylon skin layer has a certain degree of warmth and soft touch, making sportswear that can meet the needs of "non stick sweating" and "mild warmth retention".
The combination of "antibacterial+skin friendly": using a composite of "silver ion modified polyester (functional component)+cotton fiber (basic component)", the silver ion component can effectively prevent the growth of bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), while the cotton fiber ensures breathability and comfort when in contact with the skin, suitable for underwear, infant clothing, and other scenarios.
High strength+chemical resistance "combination: such as" aramid (core layer)+PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene, skin layer) "composite spun fibers, aramid provides ultra-high tensile strength (for wear-resistant scenarios), PTFE skin is acid and alkali resistant, high and low temperature resistant, and can be used for filter cloth and protective gloves in the chemical industry.
2. Structural design: Strengthen specific functions through "irregular cross-section/layered structure"
Composite spun fibers can be designed with non-circular cross-sections or layered structures through spinning processes, allowing the fiber morphology to directly serve functional requirements. Typical structures and effects are as follows:
Hollow/porous structure "- enhances insulation/moisture absorption: such as" hollow polyester cotton composite fiber ", the hollow core layer can store static air (improve insulation, similar to the down structure of down jackets), and the skin cotton fiber is responsible for moisture absorption; For example, "porous nylon bamboo fiber composite fiber" has a porous structure that expands the specific surface area, accelerates sweat evaporation, and improves fast drying efficiency.
Sea Island Structure "- Achieving the Release of Ultra fine Fibers and Functions: Using the" Sea Island Spinning "process (where" Island "is the functional component, such as antibacterial/flame retardant agents, and" Sea "is the soluble carrier component), the" Sea "component is removed after spinning to obtain ultrafine" Island "fibers - which not only improve the softness of the fibers due to their ultrafine size (suitable for home textiles and wiping cloths), but also allow the functions of the" Island "component (such as antibacterial and flame retardant) to fully contact the outside world, enhancing the effect.
'Leather core structure' - directional function release+stable performance: such as' core absorbent leather core fibers' (hydrophilic in the skin layer and hydrophobic in the core layer), which accelerate sweat excretion through directional transmission of 'moisture absorption in the skin layer and moisture conduction in the core layer' (used in sports underwear, outdoor T-shirts); For example, "flame retardant skin core fiber" (with flame retardant in the skin layer and high-strength fiber in the core layer) ensures both surface flame retardant effect (non flammable in the event of fire) and maintains the tensile strength of the fiber through the core layer (avoiding breakage).
3. Functional modification: Introducing "functional additives/nanoparticles" to endow special properties
In the process of composite spinning, functional additives, nanoparticles, or bioactive ingredients can be added to the raw materials to give the fibers their own "additional functions" without the need for subsequent printing and dyeing processing (more environmentally friendly and long-lasting). Common modification directions are as follows:
Antibacterial and antiviral: Composite fibers made by adding antibacterial components such as nano silver, zinc oxide, and chitosan can be used in medical protective clothing (to block bacterial penetration), inner layers of masks (to prevent bacterial growth inside masks), and maternal and child products (to reduce the risk of skin infections).
UV protection: Adding titanium dioxide (TiO ?), UV absorbers, etc., composite fibers can reflect or absorb ultraviolet rays (UPF value can reach 50+), used for outdoor clothing (such as sun protection clothes, fishing clothes), umbrella fabrics, to avoid UV damage to the skin.
Flame retardant and fire-resistant: Adding aluminum hydroxide, decabromodiphenyl ether (flame retardant), etc., composite fibers will form a flame-retardant coating (isolate oxygen) when exposed to fire, used for firefighting suits, hotel curtains, cable cladding (prevent fire spread).
Intelligent response: Add temperature sensitive/photosensitive color changing materials (such as liquid crystal microcapsules, photochromic dyes), composite fibers can change color with temperature/light changes (used for children's clothing, creative home textiles); Alternatively, conductive nanoparticles (such as carbon nanotubes) can be added to create conductive composite fibers (used for electrodes and flexible sensors in smart wearable devices).
4. Process control: Optimize functional stability through "post-treatment process"
After the composite spun fibers are formed, they can be further optimized for functional effects and avoid functional loss through post-processing such as heat setting, stretching, and alkali reduction treatment
Heat setting: By high-temperature setting, the structure of composite fibers (such as hollow and core layers) is made more stable, avoiding deformation after washing (such as ensuring that the hollow structure does not collapse and maintaining warmth).
Alkali reduction treatment: Alkali washing is performed on "island shaped" and "porous" composite fibers to accurately remove carrier components (such as "sea" components), fully releasing the softness of ultrafine fibers and the activity of functional components (such as the contact area of antibacterial agents).
Crosslinking treatment: Crosslinking reaction is carried out on composite fibers with added functional additives to make the functional components (such as antibacterial agents and flame retardants) more firmly bound to the fiber molecular chains, avoiding loss during water washing (improving functional durability, such as maintaining an antibacterial rate of over 90% after 50 water washes).
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